The thesis is devoted to the development of theoretical and methodological foundations of a criminological model of international space security. The relevance of the topic is determined by the rapid growth of uncontrolled offenses in the field of international space activities, particularly due to the lack of effective mechanisms of control, regulation, and responsibility within the existing framework of space law. This situation necessitates a revision of the current international space law system and the development of new approaches to ensuring safety in outer space. The study substantiates the need to implement the concept of "criminological space security" into the system of international space law as an independent interdisciplinary category that takes into account criminal risks associated with space exploration. A phenomenological analysis of the content and mechanisms of ensuring security in this field was conducted, allowing the foundation of a criminological theory in the context of space activities. The dissertation examines the political nature of threats in the space sector, which arise from international conflicts and attempts to dominate space resources. Special attention is paid to the lack of binding mechanisms of accountability for offenses in the field of space relations, which results in impunity, particularly for participating states. The author proposes to complement the current institution of international legal responsibility with a criminological model, which includes prevention, threat monitoring, and mechanisms for effective social risk management. The study provides original interpretations of key terms such as "international criminological space security," "space terrorism," and "administration of international space activities." It identifies four categories of space threats based on their origin: natural, technogenic, political, and combined. Among these, political threats pose the greatest danger due to inter-state confrontations in outer space. Particular attention is paid to the ineffectiveness of international law in addressing space-related conflicts. International treaties and agreements are classified as "soft law," lacking mandatory enforcement mechanisms. The work also critically evaluates the role of the United Nations, noting its limited ability to ensure real international security in space due to the declarative nature of its powers. The dissertation argues that criminological science currently lacks the tools to adequately study international space offenses using traditional methods. The author proposes a new ideology of criminological policy, which involves scientifically grounded strategies for preventing crime in space, taking into account the transnational nature of both offenders and the objects of criminal acts. The need for global administration of space activities is emphasized as a foundation for building a criminological security model. This is presented as a response to emerging threats such as space militarization, the development of space terrorism, and the formation of criminal structures within the space industry. In conclusion, the dissertation outlines strategic directions for the formation of a global criminological policy in the field of space activities, highlights the urgency of revising the international space law system, and emphasizes the need for joint efforts by scholars, legal experts, and policymakers to ensure safety, stability, and justice in the rapidly developing domain of outer space.
