For the first time, in environment of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, the pattern of the influence of different protectants on indicators of initial growth activity of durum spring wheat varieties was established. The effectiveness of the use of protectants for pre-sowing treatment of seeds, which had a positive effect on their sowing quality, increased field germination and viability of plants and ultimately ensured an increase in yield of the studied varieties, was substantiated. It was determined that the use of protectants improved the sowing characteristics of the grown seeds. It was established that application of mineral fertilizers before sowing, as well as fertilizing durum spring wheat at the booting and heading stages with added microfertilizer, positively affected on the yield, sowing qualities and yield properties of the seeds. The effectiveness of the use of fungicides at the IV, VII and IX stages of organogenesis of durum spring wheat, as well as the use of insecticides at the VIII and IX stages, has been proven, which contributed to an increase in yield, the thousand seed weight, the yield of certified seeds and an increase in seed vigor and laboratory germination. The peculiarities of the ratio of part of sum squares for various factors and their interactions on the formation of productivity of durum spring wheat varieties have been determined. The level of correlation between the set of indicators of sowing qualities and yield properties of seeds was established. Significant differences between varieties of durum spring wheat in terms of heat tolerance of seed and morphological types of germs have been revealed.
The planting practice for durum spring wheat seeds in environment of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine has been improved, which helps to increase the weight of seeds, improve their sowing characteristics and yield properties.
It was established that the use of protectants of different effects, namely, Tebuzan Ultra FS, (0.2 l/t); GreenFort Star FS, (1.5 l/t) and Tiatryn, FS, (0.4 l/t ) provided an increase in indicators of sowing quality of seeds, such as sprouting seed activity, seed vigor and laboratory germination. Seed treatment with protectants contributed to the growth of field germination and plant survival. Higher field germinating power of seeds was noted in the variety MIP Mahdalena, it was 82.6% in the variant with no treatment and 86.7–87.4% in the variant of treatment. In the variety MIP Kseniia in the control variant the field germination was 80.9 %, and in the case of treatment with protectants it was 84.9–86.4 %, in the variety MIP Perlyna 81.3 and 85.6–86.2 %, respectively. The highest field germination was obtained by treating the seeds of the investigated varieties with the preparation Tiatryn, FS, (0.4 l/t). It was established that the pre-sowing application of N16P16K16 and N32P32K32, as well as fertilizing at the stages of booting and heading with Urea (8.0 kg/ha) and Avanhard R Zernovi (2.0 l/ha) fertilizers had a positive effect on durum spring wheat productivity. Depending on the elements of cropping practice, the yield of the studied durum spring wheat varieties increased by 0.26–0.59 t/ha, compared to the control variant (3.20–3.30 t/ha) without fertilizer application. The highest yield when using fertilizers was provided by the N32P32K32 + (Urea, (8.0 kg/ha) + Avanhard R Zernovi, (2.0 l/ha)) at the IV and VIII stages of organogenesis. The highest increase in the yield of the varieties (0.54–0.59 t/ha) was noted when this background was combined with the growth regulator Brilon SC (0.8 l/ha), which was applied in the stages of booting and heading.It was established that the use of fertilizers and growth regulators contributed to the improvement of the sowing qualities of the obtained seeds, such as sprouting activity, seed vigor and laboratory germination. Higher indicators of sowing qualities of seeds (seed vigor at the level of 93–95%, laboratory germination of 95–96%) were noted in variants with application of Urea (8.0 kg/ha) and Avanhard R Zernovi, (2.0 l/ha) in combination with the growth regulator Brilon, SC, (0.8 l/ha).
It has been proven that spraying durum spring wheat plants with fungicides at different stages of development contributed to an increase in the yield level from 0.16 to 0.42 t/ha. The yielding capacity of the variety MIP Kseniia in variants with protection against diseases was 3.43–3.66 t/ha compared to the indicator in control of 3.24 t/ha, for the variety MIP Mahdalena tit was 3.33–3.59 t/ha and 3.17 t/ha, for the variety MIP Perlyna 3.55–3.70 t/ha and 3.30 t/ha, respectively. The highest increase in productivity (0.31–0.38 t/ha) was obtained when crops were treated with the fungicide Funhisyl, EC, (0.5 l/ha) at three stages of development. Additional spraying of spring wheat plants at the flowering stage in this variant with the insecticide Kanonir Duo SC, (0.15 l/ha) provided an increase of 0.40–0.42 t/ha.
